High-grade measurement instruments as well as low-grade sensors are usually calibrated and/ or tested by means of comparison of their readings with indications of more accurate reference instruments during a period of time which is larger than the averaging time and reporting period of each of the involved instruments. As a consequence, classical uncertainty evaluation methods for assessing...
In manufacturing, output of a measurement system is often used to classify products as conforming or noncorforming. Therefore, to ensure product quality, it is essential to utilize a suitable measurement system. In this regard, practitioners frequently employ various performance metrics to assess measurement systems, which are typically obtained through off-line studies involving experimental...
As more and more new materials (like raw earth, hemp concrete, etc) are used in the construction of building walls, their thermal resistance needs to be evaluated, not only at the laboratory scale, but also and more importantly in situ, at the building scale where potentially used in conjunction with other materials. A dedicated experimental prototype device limiting the influence of external...
Classification is the activity of assigning objects to some pre-existing exclusive categories that form a comprehensive spectrum (scale) of the studied property. The classifier can be a person, a machine, an algorithm, etc. Classification accuracy is a combination of trueness and precision. The latter (precision), perceived as the 'closeness of agreement' between results of multiple...
Nuclear fusion holds the promise of clean, virtually limitless energy. For fusion reactions to occur in the plasma, extreme temperatures must be reached – up to 150 million degrees Celsius. This constitutes an immense engineering challenge, requiring a necessary degree of accuracy. The Neutral Beam Injection (NBI) is one key technology enabling the auxiliary heating of the plasma. Fast neutral...